I believe an egg starts off as a single cell, all it contains is a single cell nucleus with DNA inside and a little bit of yolk – some nutrients to start it growing.
That is until it is fertilised by a a sperm, which is also a single cell.
These cells then combine their genetic material, and can use the yolk to start reproducing – this is when it becomes an embryo.
The cells make more and more cells, getting bigger and bigger all the time and becoming more and more like the animal the egg and sperm came from.
I’m not sure that the difference between an embryo and when it becomes a new animal is very well defined, but at some point it’s ready to survive outside the womb (or egg if it’s a bird).
I always thought the egg was just the female part, which is in that little bit of membrane mess you get beside the yolk in an egg?
(we’re talking about chicken eggs, right?)
The rest is just protein for the chick to eat before hatching. Am I making this up? It’s 4am and I haven’t had sleep. I once did see a chick being born out of an egg, they have to really chisel their way out!
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